| • Normal synovium consists of a barely visible layer of
simple squamous cells closely applied to the joint capsule.
• In this image, however, notice the prominent finger-like projections of hyperplastic synovial cells, which surround a central fibral vascular core. |
| Synovial Hyperplasia |
| Etiology |
• Associated with any irritant within the joint (torn cartilage, chipped bone).
• Associated with inflammatory process including such disorders as rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Pathogenesis |
• Epithelial hyperplasia in response to injury.
• Inflammation or mechanical trauma may cause the injury. |
| Epidemiology |
• Frequent.
• Epidemiology that of injury to joints and of arthritic diseases. |
| Clinical |
• Non specific finding associated with injury. |
| General Gross Description |
• Congested, thickened, granular synovium. |
| General Micro Description |
• Multiple layers of synovium.
• May be associated with inflammation, foreign material, hemorrhage, and/or scar. |
| Reference |
• Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. 5th ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1994, pp. 1250-9.
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