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| Giant cell tumor |
| Etiology •Not known. |
| Pathogenesis •Unknown., |
| Epidemiology •Usually arise in the third to the fifth decade of life. •Slightly more common in females. |
| General Gross Description •Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: also called Osteoclastoma •Tumors are usually large and distinctly red. •Areas of hemorrhage and cystic degeneration are frequent. |
| General Microscopic Description •Histologically, the tumor is composed of mononuclear cells and many multinucleate cells, often with 40 to 100 nuclei. •The nuclei of the mononuclear cells and the giant cells are identical. •This is an important distinguishing feature of this tumor from other giant cell containing tumors and other lesions of bone, such as pigmented villonodular synovitis, or brown tumors due to hyperparathyroidism. •There is often evidence of recent and old hemorrhage (indicated by hemosiderin deposits). •Some reparative bone formation can be seen in older lesions. |
| Clinical Correlation •Locally aggressive tumor; usually does not metastasize distantly. •Tumors are most common around the knee joint, but any other bone may be involved. •Symptoms are usually related to the involvement of the joint, including pain and restriction of movement. •Occasionally, the patient may present with a fracture. •X-ray examination of affected bone shows a clear lytic lesion that often erodes through the cortical bone into the neighboring soft tissue. •There is usually no sclerotic rim around the tumor. •The tumor has a tendency to local recurrence after conservative treatment. |
| References • Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. 5th edition. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1994, pp. 1245. |
| Giant cell tumor |
| Synopsis by: T.V. Rajan M.D. Ph.D. (T1X500M92501)[74] |
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