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| Gynecomastia |
| Etiology |
• Estrogen excess relative to androgens |
| Pathogenesis |
• Proliferation of both ducts and stroma |
| Epidemiology |
• Disorder of the MALE breast • Puberty or old age • Associated with functioning testicular neoplasms (estrogenic) • Associated with cirrhosis • Seen in Klinefelter^s syndrome |
| Clinical |
• Treatment by surgery • Indicator of hyperestrinic state. |
| General Gross Description |
• Unilateral or bilateral • Growth initially subareolar |
| General Micro Description |
• Duct hyperplasia without atypia with piling up of nuclei in ducts • No lobules found in the male breast • Periductal pallor and fibrosis with numerous fibroblast nuclei |
| Reference |
• Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005, pp. 1151-2.
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