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| Polymicrogyria |
| Etiology •Polymicrogyria is increased numbers of small gyri with two, four or more lamination. •It can be sporatic due to intrauterine anoxia or ischemia or intrauterine infection. •It can also be familial. |
| Pathogenesis •Polymicrogyria is due to abnormal migration of neurons to the cortex or post migrational damage., |
| Epidemiology •Polymicrogyria is relatively rare, but can be the cause of mental retardation or seizures. |
| General Gross Description •Polymicrogyria may involve the whole brain but more often it involves parts of the brain symmetrically or asymmetrically. •It consists of small wormlike gyri in the area involved. •The brain may be either large or small. |
| General Microscopic Description •The four layered cortex has a marginal area, a cellular layer, and acellular layer followed by another cellular layer. •The two layered cortex has a marginal layer and a poorly organized cellular layer. •The brain has decreased white matter and enlarged ventricles often with microscopic gliosis. |
| Clinical Correlation •Patients with varying degrees of polymicrogyria may have mental retardation, spasticity, and/or seizures |
| References • Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. 5th ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1994, pp. 1301-1302. • Greenfield's Neuropathology, 6th ed. Graham DI, Lantos PL (ed), New York: Arnold, 1997, pp. 442-446. |
| Polymicrogyria |
| Synopsis by: Dr ML Grunnet (TX2000M25460)[588] |
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