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| Graves Disease of the Thyroid |
| Etiology • Autoimmune process (see pathogenesis) |
| Pathogenesis • TSH receptor autoantibodies namely thyroid stimulating antibodies or thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin activate thyroglobulin production and release; • thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin mimics TSH activity, |
| Epidemiology • 85% of cases of hyperthyroidism • particularly in young women |
| General Gross Description • Diffusely enlarged gland • Can weigh up to 200 g • Richly vascular |
| General Microscopic Description • Depleted, scalloped, watery colloid • Tall, columnar epithelial cells • Hyperplasia of the follicular cells with multiple layers |
| Clinical Correlation • frequently triad of thyrotoxicosis with diffusely enlarged thyroid, opthalmopathy with edema, fibrosis and mucopolysaccharide deposition in the orbital tissues, and dermopathy (localized myxedema) over the lower legs • treatment of the thyroid disease alone does not affect the opathalmopathy |
| References •Cotran Rs, Kumar V, Robbins SL. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. 5th edition. W.B. Saunders. Philadephia 1994. pp. 1128-30 |
| Graves Disease of the Thyroid |
| Synopsis by: (T96000D21930)[159] |
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