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| Normal Colonic Mucosa |
| Etiology • Not applicable. |
| Pathogenesis • Not applicable., |
| Epidemiology • Not applicable. |
| General Gross Description • Consists of cecum, ascending colon which is attached to the retroperitoneum; hepatic flexure and transverse colon which are supported by gastrocolic ligament; splenic flexure, descending colon with retroperitoneal attachment; sigmoid colon, and rectum which have an extraperitoneal component. • All show similar mucosal surface • Supplied by superior mesenteric artery to splenic flexure, inferior mesenteric artery to distal rectum • Distal rectum supplied by branches of the internal iliacs • Venous drainage is predominantly via the portal system to the liver although systemic drainage occurs in distal rectum • Lymphatic drainage to regional nodes. |
| General Microscopic Description • Epithelium composed of a mixture of columnar absorptive and goblet cells covering the surface and extending into crypts • Occasional lymphocytes, eosinophils, and apoptotic cells found in surface epithelium, as well as endocrine cells and Paneth cells in proximal right colon and cecum • Crypts extend from surface to muscularis mucosae and are surrounded by lamina propria containing plasma cells, T lymphocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts, eosinophils and macrophages • Lymphocytes may be dispersed or arranged in lymphoid follicles that may extend through muscularis mucosae to submucosa. • Lymphatics are found in mucosa just adjacent to the muscularis mucosae. • Submucosa contains Meissner's plexus of ganglion cells and nerve fibers • Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of muscle with Auerbach's plexus between them • Serosa and or pericolic fat |
| Clinical Correlation • Not applicable. |
| References • Histology for Pathologists. Sternberg SS ed. New York: Raven Press, 1992. pp. 573-582. |
| Normal Colonic Mucosa |
| Synopsis by: Melinda Sanders M.D. (T67000M00100)[556] |
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