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| Normal Basal Plate |
| Etiology • Not applicable |
| Pathogenesis • Not applicable, |
| Epidemiology • Not applicable |
| General Gross Description • Maternal surface of the placenta irregularly divided into incomplete cotyledons • Granular reddish purple with regions of decidual necrosis, fibrin deposition and calcification in the full term specimen |
| General Microscopic Description • Inner portion of the basal plate (adjacent to villi) includes patchy syncytiotrophoblast aggregates, endothelial cells, and Rohr's stria (fibrin or fibrinoid) • Major portion of the basal plate consists of extravillous cytotrophoblast (X cells or intermediate trophoblast) mixed with decidual stromal cells • Trophoblast is keratin positive and tends to have larger, more darkly staining nuclei and cytoplasm than trophoblast • Beneath this layer is Nitabuch's fibrinoid or fibrin which overlies the myometrium • Inserting into the basal plate are anchoring villi which lose their trophoblast and are recognizable by the fetal vessels and stroma • Uteroplacental or decidual vessels course through the decidua • Uteroplacental or decidual arteries are derived from spiral arteries which lose their muscular walls and elastic lamina as they are remodelled by trophoblast into large, trophoblast lined channels which are low resistance and high capacity • Uteroplacental or decidual veins drain the intervillous space and contain villi at their proximal ends • Scattered lymphocytes are normal in the basal plate. |
| Clinical Correlation • Not applicable |
| References • Benirschke K, Kaufmann P. Pathology of the Human Placenta, third edition. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995. pp. 222-234. |
| Normal Basal Plate |
| Synopsis by: Melinda Sanders M.D. (T4F190M00100)[429] |
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