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| Carcinoid Tumor |
| Etiology • Unknown. |
| Pathogenesis • Neoplasms exhibit features of Kulchitsky cells., |
| Epidemiology • Extremely uncommon. • More frequent in young patients <40 years. • Unrelated to cigarette smoking |
| General Gross Description • Polypoid tan mass protruding into the lumen of a major bronchus • Cut surfaces are yellow • Distal obstructive pneumonia may be profound with dilated mucous filled airways and consolidated firm parenchyma • Atypical carcinoids tend to occur on the periphery of the lung. |
| General Microscopic Description • Typical or mature carcinoids are composed of cells arranged in cords, nests or trabeculae • Richly vascularized • Nuclei are round, regular, with delicate chromatin pattern and inconspicuous nucleoli • Atypical carcinoids exhibit nuclear enlargement and pleomorphism as well as solid pattern • Stain with antibodies to neuron specific-enolase and chromogranin |
| Clinical Correlation • Cough with hemoptysis • Systemic symptoms of distal pneumonia including fever, malaise, sweats etc. • Low grade neoplasms may metastasize to adjacent nodes • Many respond to removal of affected bronchus and lung • Alternative management can include laser ablation of the neoplasm • Atypical carcinoids are considered low grade malignancies. • Most malignant end of neuroendocrine neoplasm group is small cell carcinoma. |
| References • Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. 5th edition. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1994, pp. 726-727. • Dail DH, Hammar SP. Pulmonary Pathology. 2nd edition. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994. pp. 1207-1221. |
| Carcinoid Tumor |
| Synopsis by: Melinda Sanders M.D. (T28000M82401)[132] |
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